In the decades following Israel’s establishment, variations appeared in the attitudes of key members of the Frankfurt School -- figures like Max Horkheimer, Leo Lowenthal, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse -- towards the Jewish state. Jack Jacobs argues in this talk that there was an inverse relationship, among associates of the School, between knowledge of Judaism and positive attitudes towards the State: the deeper their knowledge, the stronger their critique of Israel. For more info click here.